This is a brief summary of The crucible Essays

This is a brief summary of The crucible Essays This is a brief summary of The crucible Paper This is a brief summary of The crucible Paper Hypocrisy plays a big part in the crucible. Right from the start you find out that Goody Putnam is using Tituba to talk to her dead babes but all through the rest of the play there is no more mention of Goody Putnams dealings although her husband goes around accusing other people in the village but not his wife who had actually been practicing witchcraft. The other people who had been playing at witchcraft were the girls who are believed to be the victims and then turn in to the main accusers but even when it comes to light that they were dancing in the woods around a fire they are never accused of any thing. This is strange, as the girls had done more wrong than most of the accused put together. The hypocrisy is not only in the witch-hunt but they go against their own religion as well. The people of Salem and especially Rev. Parris are supposed to be Christians but if they were true to this then they would believe it wrong to have slaves but Rev. Parris has Tituba who he brought with him from Barbados, and he beats her, which must go against what he himself is preaching in church. On Sunday there is a two-man patrol that goes around the village to make sure that the people are in church and not working. This seems to be wrong because if these people were firmly devoted to their religion then they would be in church and they would not have to be forced to go. The men who are on patrol are also not in church but that does not seem to be the same even though it could be seen as work. The people in Salem have a surpassing lack of reason and logic they go along with any thing. Proctor shows a lot of deductive logic when he asks for the proof of witchcraft when nearly everyone is being accused. When proctor asks for the proof Danforth gives him a long speech about how he sees the situation and how it is best to take action this goes on to eventually say In an ordinary crime, how does one defend the accused? One calls up witnesses to prove his innocence. But witchcraft is ipso facto, on its face an invisible crime, is it not? By this he means that no one can see the crime to defend the accused. He then goes on to say Therefore, who may possibly be witness to it? The witch and the victim none other. Now we cannot hope that the witch will accuse herself; granted? Therefore, we must rely upon her victims and they do testify, the children certainly do testify so he is saying that as no has seen anything the girls must be telling the truth because they are the victims. Hale is the only other man in the village who is looking for the reason and the truth. So when hale can find no reason in what the court is doing he denounces the proceedings and will no longer have anything to do with the judges. By the time hale quits the court there is no stopping them they just keep convicting people until they even arrest Proctor. When you read the play or watch it being performed you never see any one actually being hanged but at the end of the play there is a drum beat as they prepare to hang Proctor and the others on trial. Abby speaks of some bloody goings on when she speaks of how her parents heads were smashed by Indians while she was in the same bed as them. Abby uses these images to scare and threaten the other girls but it also gives you a window into her past to see why she is the way she is. Abby also drinks a charm of chicken blood to kill Goody Proctor so that she can have her husband. Abby is the center of most of the bloods goings on and she causes the bloodthirsty attitude of the people in Salem to escalate to the extent where if anything happens then the person who is nearest at the time would be accused of witchcraft. This happens even if it is something that could easily happen like some fire wood falling over or a fire burning too brightly. All through the play the people are looking for a scapegoat to blame everything on and that is what they do. My conclusion of the play is that through the crucible Miller can put forth his views about religion and the communist hunt that was going on. Miller also can make people start to agree with the way he is thinking but he does it subtlety so that you dont notice that you are starting to think slightly differently. The practice of turning people in to scapegoats is used throughout the play and what Miller does is to bring out the worst in people but to also to have some people who rise to the occasion and perform brilliantly even under great pressure. There are also the people like Giles Corey who through their actions remain the heroes until the end.

Emerging Issues interaction between people of different backgrounds and culture

Emerging Issues interaction between people of different backgrounds and culture Introduction In the present world where globalization and technology have taken center stage, a smooth interaction between people of different backgrounds and culture is very critical.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emerging Issues: interaction between people of different backgrounds and culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over the years, the question of multiculturalism has continued to receive recognition and many people are now seeking alternative ways to ensure that people can live and work together harmoniously. This paper examines the effects of cultural identity crisis and racism on the society. Cultural Identity Crisis and Its Impact on Society According to Hogan (2000), identity is best thought of as involving a representational or referential component and a procedural or skills component. Although the distinction is fairly standard in cognitive science, the terminologies vary greatly. The procedural component consists of a person’s unreflective knowledge about how to act or interact in diverse situations and includes knowledge about how to greet and address different people as well as how to take part in religious activities or work. The representational or referential component consists of a set of properties that define one’s self-understanding. Ordinarily, this set is organized in a hierarchical format considering that some properties are more central to a person’s self-definition than others. Sex, for instance, is regarded as being more central to an individual than his or her shoe size. Both sorts of identity are due to common social practices and not individual decisions. To a large extent, external contacts tend to radically disrupt indigenous culture. For many people, external contacts render traditional ideas uncertain and complicate the performance of traditional practices. In doing this, they make cultural identity a serious problem. While questi ons about an individual’s relation to his or her tradition may arise at any time, they take place with unique force and scope as external contacts intensify. This also happens as the degree of severance increases and internationalization of ideas and acts fade or shift between opposed cultures. In short, the conflicts tend to be so strong and persistent that they constitute a challenge to the individual’s cultural identity and by extension, his or her personal identity.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effects of Cultural Identity Crisis on Culturally Diverse Groups In general, cultural identity crisis affects how people interact with one another in different areas of their daily lives. Among others, it affects people’s eating habits, how they worship, where they choose to live or study, and how they socialize with others in the society. It is quite comm on to notice people making every attempt to change how they live in order to be accepted in a particular culture. Quite often, cultures that are regarded as superior to others tend to dominate and individuals from less popular cultures find themselves in a dilemma as they have to decide whether to retain or denounce their own cultural practices in favor of others. Racism and Its Impact on Society Race is viewed as a social construction primarily recognized by characteristics that are mainly of a physical nature. According to McNeil (2006), racism generally refers to the unfriendly treatment of one ethnic group by another. It is founded on ignorance and is mostly associated with a state of narrow mindedness. There are numerous negative repercussions when people are discriminated based on race. By and large, racial discrimination subjects people to unfair treatment and makes them to be regarded as second rate citizens. In places where racism thrives, people operate in clusters dependi ng on the kind jobs they do, where they live, and how they socialize. In some cases, people may be condemned to take on certain jobs in the society and not others. The negativity that accompanies racial discrimination eventually interferes with the way people interact. Effects of Racism on Culturally Diverse Groups According to Maher (2011), racism and racial discrimination adversely affect mental health by diminishing a victim’s self image and confidence. According to research, victims mainly complain of suffering personal pain and anguish and seeing their job prospects ruined by institutional racism. They also complain about being deliberately isolated at work, ignored, victimized, or sacked and experience feelings of self-loathing, self-destruction. Victims also get affected by inferiority complex. In addition, racism causes health problems such as physical illness that often result in long periods of sick leave due to stress, depression, and anxiety.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emerging Issues: interaction between people of different backgrounds and culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Manifestations of racism at the workplace include being refused references, leaving jobs due to undue pressure, denial of information about promotion opportunities, unclear procedures, unfair monitoring, being denied or consistently overlooked for promotion despite the fact that one may be well qualified, downgrading, and feeling that one has to suffer in silence or risk being isolated. Conclusion Beyond doubt, the effects of globalization will continue throughout the world. As a result, it is necessary to do everything possible in order to address the challenges that are presented by cultural identity crisis as well as racism and ethnic prejudice. This may be done by creating an environment that promotes both multiculturalism and multiplicity. Even though dealing with these issues may pose so me difficulty, a focused intervention is necessary. References Hogan, P. C. (2000). Colonialism and Cultural Identity: Crises of Tradition in the Anglophone Literatures of India, Africa, and the Caribbean. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Maher, M. J. (2011). Racism and Cultural Diversity: Cultivating Racial Harmony through Counseling, Group Analysis, and Psychotherapy. London, UK: Karnac Books Ltd. McNeil, D. E. (2006). Institutional Racism and Its Impact on Lives and Learning of African American Students. Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest.

A rhetorical analysis of the New York Times Essay

A rhetorical analysis of the New York Times - Essay Example This can be analysed to mean that although there are plans in minds of many people, there lacks mechanisms or ways of executing them. According to Nathan, it is only through autonomy, that this can be realised. The second comment is from, Rebecca. She is also pleased with Cain’s article. Rebecca is also worried that in her school, there has been efforts to restructure several buildings, but unfortunately, she only hears of open plan, which according to her, makes her very nervous (Cain, Para. 4). The way she puts across her statements, it is evident that ethos is strong in her case. She even argues that after reading the article, she forwarded it to her head of school and the committee dealing with the restructuring plan. This indicates that she found some ethical appeals, and in this case, from a reliable source and expert testimony, bout how collaboration lacks creativity. Maria, the third commenter, on the other hand, argues that group work inhibit her creativity. She further argues that when she is alone she is free to focus task at hand (Cain, Para. 5). Her arguments can be argued to be in logos because she gives accounts of her own experience. She points out that dealing with groups; she cannot be able to make firm decisions since she has to be rational with the observations of other persons in the group. Cain poses a rhetoric argument that pulls various mixed reactions from readers. Much of this is seen when every commenter tries to justify the issue of lack of creativity and implantation phase of collaborations. Comments or the top three comments use different techniques to catch the attention of the readers that follows them. For example, Maria goes on to point out how disappointed she was because even if there were plans in her school to restructure some buildings, they are only mere talks, which she terms as â€Å"open plans†, but without implementation or

Global worming Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global worming - Assignment Example ok and ensure that there is evidence that can be used against their governments in case the cost of paying for the negative effects of global warming is to be shared out (Ramseur, Parker and Yacobucci, 27). The program is software which can be installed in aircrafts used to monitor weather patterns. From these, sensors built in the aircraft can be used to sense the source of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the data obtained associated with that of a specific country. The specific needs of this program are the availability of a weather aircraft, a large database of the greenhouse gases produced by every country and powerful computers that can process the information gathered. The alternative solution is to ensure these programs are never affected by internet connection failures. The proposed program is the best solution because it can be mounted on satellites. Hence, the monitoring of greenhouse gases is done throughout the year with data been transmitted back to ground centres. This program works by homogenizing the greenhouse gases emitted and through comparison with the characteristics of the greenhouses stored in the database, it connects the emitted greenhouse to a specific country. The implementation of the program shall be done through the drafting of a resolution which will be ratified by the U. N. member countries for it to be used. The guidelines will be in the resolution whereby each country shall take responsibility for its emissions and undertake measures to reduce the emissions along with the payment of a fine which will be used to explore other means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The resources needed are several aircrafts or satellite launchers. The aircrafts will have the program installed in them along with sensors. The program can also be launched into space on satellites with sensors that monitor greenhouse gas

Harlem Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Harlem Renaissance Essay I. Introduction The Atlantic slave trade caused the large movement of Africans across different parts of the world largely in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. This African Diaspora brought about eleven million of black people in the New World (P. Larson. â€Å"Reconsidering Trauma, Identity, and the African Diaspora: Enslavement and Historical Memory in Nineteenth-Century Highland Madagascar†). The descendants of those that were brought in the Americas, chiefly those in the United States working as slaves in the south, later experienced another diaspora: moving from the south to the north to escape the hardships brought about by intense racial discrimination. A large portion had settled in the city of Harlem, New York City which opened up a surge of excellent creative works done by blacks and became in vogue for some time. This period came to be known as the Harlem Renaissance, also variously known as the New Negro Movement, or the New Negro Renaissance. This was a period of outstanding creativity expressed in visual arts, writings, and music during this large movement of black population, wherein the African-American Diaspora has moved into larger cities. It changed the character of black American artworks, from conventional imitations of white artists to sophisticated explorations and expressions of black life and culture that revealed and stimulated a new confidence and racial pride. The movement centered in the vast black ghetto of Harlem, in New York City, thus the name of the movement. Harlem became the place of gathering for aspiring black artists, writers, and musicians, sharing their experiences and providing mutual encouragement for one another. The term Harlem â€Å"Renaissance† is a misnomer. If measured by quantity alone, it was more a birth than a â€Å"rebirth†, for never before had so many black Americans produced so much literary, artistic, and scholarly material at the same time. If measured by quality, however, it was actually a continuum, the quickening of a lively stream fed earlier by the important works of poet Paul Laurence Dunbar, novelist and short story writer Charles W. Chestnutt, poet and novelist Hames Weldon Johnson and the essays of Du Bois. The Harlem Renaissance created a significant breakthrough, wherein it marked the first time wherein literary and artistic works done by African Americans gained in national attention and interest. Doors of opportunities were opened for such works to be publicized and presented to the general public, which before were not possible. Although its main achievement is found primarily in literature, it also bore the great African-American works in politics and other creative mediums such as visual art, music, and theater that explored different aspects of black American life (R. Twombly. â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†). II. Background and Discussion During the early part of the 1900s, Black Nationalism and racial consciousness began to emerge particularly during the 1920’s. One key factor that helped this development was the surfacing of the black middle class, which in turn were brought about by the increasing number of educated blacks who had found employment opportunities and a certain degree of economic advancement after the American Civil War (â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†). During World War I, thousands of black people left the depressed rural South for jobs in northern defense plants. Known as the Great Migration, more African Americans established themselves in cities such as Harlem, in New York City. They were socially conscious, and became a center of political and cultural development of the black Americans. This population created racial tensions over housings and employment that resulted in increased black militancy about rights, including vigorous agitation by the national Association for the Advancement of colored People (NAACP) and other civil rights organizations. Foremost for this black movement’s agenda, which was expressed in various mediums, is to clamor for racial equality. Championing the cause were black intellectuals W.E. B. Du Bois and Alain Locke. White responses to these developments were both negative and positive. The Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist groups reached their peak of northern popularity during the 1920’s. At the same time unprecedented white interest in racial maters created a large audience for black authors who began to settle in the district of New York City known as Harlem. Like other black ghettoes, Harlem was a new, untapped source of themes and materials, which partially accounts for its popularity among artists and intellectuals, but unlike other ghettoes it was a newly constructed, fashionable, residential section. Functioning as a kind of black mecca, Harlem’s excellent housing, its prestige, excitement, and cosmopolitan flavor, attracted a black middle class from which sprang its artistic and literary set. A. General Characteristics Not all works during this movement is militant in nature. However, participants and contributors in the Renaissance were intensely race-conscious, proud of their heritage of being black, and much in love with their community. Most of them, some more subtly than others, criticized racial exploitation. Partly as a tribute to their achievements and partly as a reflection of their racial self-awareness, the Renaissance members were collectively called â€Å"New Negroes†, also indicating that they had replaced the (largely white created) literary image of the comic, pathetic plantation Negro with the proud, busy, independent black man of the northern city. The â€Å"New Negroes† were generally integrationists, optimistically interpreting their own individual successes as harbingers of improvement in race relations. Acceptance from Harpers, Harcourt, Brace, Viking, Boni Livewright, Knopf, and other front-line publishers began coming through quick succession, boosting more optimism among African-American contributors of the Harlem Renaissance. Rather than depicting a new movement of style, the art during the Harlem Renaissance is united by their common aspiration of depicting and expressing in artistic form the African-American psyche and life. Common characteristics can be found among such works such as the birth of racial pride among black Americans. This called for tracing its roots and origin by taking attention and interest to the life of blacks primarily in Africa and South America. Also, such strong social and racial consciousness brought a strong desire for equality in the American society, both socially and politically. But one of the most common and significant characteristic of the Harlem Renaissance was the abundant production of a variety of creative expressions. Diversity was the main distinctive quality, brought about by an experimental spirit of the movement such as in music which ranged from blues, jazz, to orchestra music. B. Primary Artist of the Harlem Renaissance:   Aaron Douglas (1898-1979) The celebrated artist of the Harlem Renaissance was Aaron Douglas, who chose to depict the New Negro Movement through African images which bore â€Å"primitive† techniques: paintings in geometric shapes, flat, and rugged edges. In his works, Douglas wanted the viewers to know and recognize the African-American identity. As such, Aaron Douglas is often referred to as the â€Å"Father of African American Art†. Born in Topeka, Kansas, Douglas was able to finish his B.A degree. Moving to Harlem in 1925, Aaron immediately set to work, creating illustrations for prominent magazines of the Harlem Renaissance. Douglas was influenced in his modernist style under the tutelage of German artist Winold Reiss, a style which marked most of his celebrated works and incorporating both African and Egyptian strokes of illustration and design. It was Reis who encouraged Douglas to take African design into his works which became his trademark (â€Å"The Harlem Renaissance: Aaron Douglas†). Such manner of African â€Å"primitive† style caught the attention of the main proponents of the Harlem Renaissance, namely W.E.B. Dubois and Alain Locke who found Douglas’ works as an appropriate embodiment of the African-American heritage. They were encouraging young artists to depict their African legacy through their artworks. Even though at a time when DuBois stilled considered Henry Tanner more important, Douglas has fairly established a reputation as the leading visual artist of his time. Harlem Renaissance painters are united by the desire to promote and portray the life and condition of blacks, particularly African-Americans. However, at this point the similarity ends. Harlem Renaissance artworks are as varied in style as the artists themselves. Although like Douglas, most painters of this period received formal trainings and as such, their style and strokes are no different from other non-black artists. What only separate the artists of the Harlem Renaissance from others are their themes and subjects. III. Conclusion A. Ending and Significance As a conclusion, one of the strengths of the Harlem Renaissance was also a serious weakness. Because they were dependent on white patrons and viewers for popularity, black artists were not fully free to explore the mechanisms that perpetrated racial injustice, nor could they propose solutions unacceptable to whites. Furthermore, when the Great Depression dominated American life during the 1930’s, the whites, who had been the bulk of the Renaissance audience, concentrated on economics and politics, oblivious to black American suffering. American arts and letters took up new themes, and although the best artists continued to work, they ultimately lost popularity. The Great Depression drove many black artists to scatter; and were mostly forced to leave New York or to take other jobs to tide them over the hard times. Creativity was drowned by necessity. Nevertheless, despite its many weaknesses and disadvantages, the Harlem Renaissance was a milestone in black American culture and the basis for later achievements.

Essay --

Frank Carellini Professor Joseph J. Ellis Honors 290C Death Of A Financier: From Establishing America’s Credit To Financing The Revolution To Debtor’s Prison Amer ·i ·can noun É™-ˈmer-É™-kÉ™n, -ˈmÉ™r-, -ˈme-rÉ™- : A person born, raised, or living in the U.S. An American is defined as a person born, raised or living in the U.S. There are sacred grounds from which American roots clearly stem. There are words that instantaneously come to our minds when our American pride is questioned or insulted. Financial stability is not one of them. Passionate, idiosyncratic, united, diplomatic, relentless: these are the synonyms of American and our associated founding. But not â€Å"Financially Stable.† Actually most â€Å"Americans† are disgusted by one or more facets of the American financial system, bellowing at its corrupt, dishonest methods and lack of sympathy for our people. We are often quick to dismiss money and business as unethical creatures. It is easy to praise controversial soldiers and philosophical demigods and wooden teeth and cherry trees, when relishing in America’s emotional and inspiring foundation. Despite its stagnant reputation as a crippling agent, â€Å"Finance† and the almighty dollar (or should I say the almighty â€Å"Morris note†) once held a genuine place in the fight for American independence and maturity as a newly-birthed nation. Money was once a note of trust, a building block for international commerce and relationships. As America was born, commerce did not only translate into profits, but it was the beginning of an international web that would be the site of synthesis for social, political and economic paradigms. In the wake of America’s foundation, Robert Morris personalized currency. Coupling transactions with handshakes and... ...f financially networking. The simple misappropriation of funds tore his life apart. Money is a perception game. With money one can easily be characterized by arrogance and selfishness; without it, desperation and despair. America is a place of commerce and we need to be. There has been an everlasting parting from the original isolationist policies, instituted by Washington. I have reason to believe his close friend Robert Morris, is the reason for our global success. The first official act of Hamilton, as Secretary of the Treasury, was to recommend that the domestic and foreign debt be paid, dollar for dollar. When the paper containing this recommendation was read before Congress, it thought that the new Secretary of the Treasury had gone mad. How was a nation of less than 4,000,000 of people to voluntarily assume a debt of $75,000,000! In The Financier, I Trust.

English characters Essay

Adela can be paralleled to Kurtz in Conrad’s novella, who like her is in some ways also aware of the power of imperialism and its negative effects, as well as the changes it forces upon those living under its influence. Kurtz was a bright ambitious man drawn to the Congo by imperialism’s force, however unlike the Anglo-Indians such as Ronnie and Mr Turton, it can be interpreted he became aware of the negative effect imperialism was having upon him, and as a result his â€Å"soul [is] mad. † For me Kurtz’s dying words on his deathbed: â€Å"The Horror. The Horror. † have great significance these final words are open to any number of interpretations, from meaning the horror of the things he has witnessed, to the horror of the Congo environment itself. My own interpretation is that this shows Kurtz’s realization of his own â€Å"Heart of Darkness† and the shocking deeds he has done under its corrupting influence. Perhaps the only real difference between a Kurtz and a Ronnie or a Turton, is that Kurtz has recognised the effect imperialism has had on him and has seemingly made a conscious decision to go along with this corruption completely, with devastating consequences. While characters such as Kurtz and Adela are somewhat aware of their changes and the negative consequences, the majority of characters in Forster’s novel (or at least – the imperialist Anglo-Indians) are also aware of the changes which occur in English people once under the influence of the Raj, but are hypocritical and do not see themselves as corrupted or racist. They simply believe that this is the only proper way for them to act. Ronnie himself who was once nice to the Indians, after just a brief period under the influence of imperialism in India, now aspires to be like Mr Turton who he sees a character of the utmost wisdom, and as a result has copied his behaviour. Conrad paints a harsh, brutal portrait of imperialism in his novella, giving little or no characterisation to any of the African slaves/natives. He seems to present the slaves merely as objects or machines or even in one instance â€Å"angles†. He does not name any characters but gives them a title according to their job or characteristics, characters such as The Helmsman, who had been educated by Marlowe’s poor predecessor only to perform one task, and that was to steer the boat. Compared to Conrad, Forster might appear tame. Conrad depicts the brutality of imperialism in a shocking way, showing the black slaves being made to perform meaningless hard-labour tasks such as digging holes and describing the physical state of their bodies in disturbingly graphic detail; Marlowe the narrator can see â€Å"every rib†. In Forster’s novel however perhaps the most shocking incident is the alleged assault of Adela which probably didn’t even happen. However Conrad does show some compassion in his novel, the slaves or ‘Hollowmen’, are pitied by Conrad’s protagonist Marlowe: he offers a biscuit to a dying slave and also saves the helmsmen’s corpse from being eaten by cannibals. Added to this are Marlowe’s views on imperialism itself, apparently similar to Forster’s: â€Å"This conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion [†¦ ] than ourselves, is not a pretty thing. † Forster, it has been argued â€Å"looks dispassionately at the phenomenon of imperialism† (John Beer), and indeed, unlike Conrad, Forster in many ways shows imperialism in a much less obviously brutal light. However, I would argue that he does indicate a great dislike of people’s inner â€Å"Heart of Darkness†, which allows for the negative effects of imperialism, and he does so more gradually, through the in-depth characterisation of his characters. He particularly achieves this through those he is sympathetic with, such as Aziz, in whom he shows both the good points and bad (he is not afraid to show racism present in his Indian characters)- making the Indians, unlike Conrad’s slaves, real people, who we as readers can empathise with, rather than simply be horrified by. Forster’s sympathetic characterisation of the Indians makes the acts of racism against them all the more sad, and by this he does paint, like Conrad, a brutal picture of Imperialism, through use of characters who have had their ‘hearts of darkness’ triggered by imperialism and make such shockingly racist, not to mention patronising, remarks as â€Å"The kindest thing one can do to a native is to let it die† (Mrs Callendar). Forster also gets us to sympathise with English characters who do not look â€Å"dispassionately at the phenomenon of imperialism,† such as Fielding (Indeed Fielding is believed by many to be Forster’s representation of himself in the book). He through Fielding attempts to show the good in people, and like Conrad’s Marlowe, but to a much greater extent, shows acts of compassion and liberal mindedness in Fielding: he is the first English professor to teach Indians in his university and has Indian friends such as Godbole, and becomes a friend to Aziz. However Forster makes it all too clear that Fielding is a on his own, a man swimming in a sea of racists, such as the Turtons and Callandars. The act which sets Fielding most apart from his fellow Englishmen is of course his support of Aziz in the Marabar affair; but even he shows his inner â€Å"heart of darkness† when he deserts Aziz at the train station and at the end of the trial.

American Involvement in Vietnam: Failure or Not?

More than thirty years went by after the last American combat troops left Southeast Asia, but the social and political fires of the Vietnam War still keep on burning throughout the United States and Vietnam. Wars do not simply fade away when the guns are silenced. Millions of citizens in both countries bear the deep, painful scars of a conflict that wreaked havoc on the political and social landscapes of both nations.Even today, legions of war veterans endure the physical and emotional wounds inflicted during their tours of duty, while the 3 million people who perished on all sides (Berman 16) are only memories to millions of husbands, wives, children, grandchildren, parents, siblings, and friends. In the United States, the nation's military affair into Vietnam continues to impact its political institutions, foreign and defense policies.The Vietnam War also profoundly altered Americans' view of their public institutions. While polls suggest that public confidence in the federal gover nment has not declined significantly in more than thirty years, Vietnam did awaken millions of Americans to the fact that their presidents had routinely lied to them – about the American military role in Southeast Asia, about Watergate, and about many other issues (Mann 2). Vietnam was, indeed, a turning point in American political history.So, what was Vietnam War for the United States – the necessity to stop communist erosion or tragic delusion? The purpose of this study is to explore whether American involvement in Vietnam was total failure or the nation had strong reasons to go into warfare. Toward this end we will scrutinize the reasons underlying the decision to launch war affair, analyze the outcomes of Vietnam War, consider the reaction of American community upon it, and make the conclusion. The Reasons of American Involvement in Vietnam and Its CourseFive successive American presidents and scores of senators and congressmen had insisted that the preservation of a small, isolated Southeast Asian nation was vital to the US national security. During a period of twenty-five years, these leaders first funded the war fought by the French and then supported and sponsored a policy under which the fighting in Vietnam was eventually assumed by the US military – to the point that it became, almost entirely, an American war. America's involvement in Vietnam began in 1950 as a political reaction to events elsewhere in Asia (Olson & Freeman 463).While the communist victory in China in 1949 and the subsequent invasion of South Korea in 1950 had not directly threatened the United States, the political fallout from these events had tarnished President Harry Truman's presidency and elevated the importance of Southeast Asia to his administration (VanDeMark 216). By early 1965, it was clear that if the United States did not introduce regular ground troops into South Vietnam, communists would overrun the country in a matter of months (Helsing 240).In M arch 1965, Johnson deployed the first contingent of the US Marines to Vietnam, and by the end of the year more than 184,000 American ground troops were in the country. Despite the growing American commitment, the government of South Vietnam grew weaker, and the Vietcong, now sustained by troops and supplies from North Vietnam, grew stronger (Olson & Freeman 464). The character of the struggle for control of South Vietnam has been the subject of prolonged debate, directed toward the ultimate question of whether or not U. S. military involvement there was lawful. Many of those supporting U. S.involvement in the war insisted that American intervention was an attempt to enforce the principles of the United Nations Charter in Asia. The argument was as follows: North Vietnam had attacked South Vietnam in violation of Article 2 of the Charter and the United States â€Å"had every right to join South Vietnam in ‘collective defense’ under Article 51 of the Charter† (Frey- Wouters & Laufer 76). The United States had also undertaken commitments to assist South Vietnam in defending itself against Communist aggression from the North; thus the introduction of United States military personnel and equipment was justified (Johns 4).The bombing missions in 1972 became a turning-point of the war – a campaign of enormous proportions comprising more than fifty-five thousand sorties, during which American planes dropped more than 100,000 tons of bombs on North Vietnam by early June – were finally yielding the deadly and destructive results (Olson & Freeman 466). By early summer, North Vietnamese intransigence began melting as the bombing and the naval blockade dried up communist supply lines.Realizing they could not overpower the South Vietnamese army as it was backed by such massive American air power, the North Vietnamese were now more favorably inclined to negotiations about peace (Mann 702). But Nixon's infamous bombing campaign came at a steep price. In addition to losses of twenty-six American aircraft, public opinion about war changed radically. Almost overnight, his approval rating in the polls slumped to 39 percent (Mann 713). Despite its intensity and callous brutality, Nixon's bombing worked. In late December, the North Vietnamese finally signaled their willingness to return to the negotiating table (Johns 7).It’s obvious that the intense bombing had been largely responsible for North Vietnam's sudden eagerness to settle. Then presidency’s problem, however, was their mistaken belief that the conflict in Vietnam could be won entirely on the battlefield. Vietnam was also a political conflict in which the hearts and minds of the people were at stake. More bombs could never force the political and economic changes necessary to persuade millions of South Vietnamese that their government in Saigon was worth fighting for (Mann 729).In Paris, in 1973, on January 27, Secretary of State William Rogers joined rep resentatives of North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and the Viet Cong in signing the accords, bringing about an official end to what the New York Times called â€Å"the longest, most divisive foreign war in America's history† (Mann 714). The Vietnam War, arguably the most misguided political and military crusade in American history, thus, ended. Aftermath of the Vietnam War After the Paris Peace Accords were signed in January 1973, the war went on for another two years until Saigon's collapse in April 1975.The Vietnam War was such a traumatic and divisive experience that once the last American combat forces were withdrawn from Vietnam many Americans tried to forget the conflict. But it soon became clear that this was not an easy task. Most Americans agreed that the war in Vietnam was markedly different from any other experienced by the American nation (Johns 11). It was the first war rejected during its fighting by a substantial part of the American people, and, in retrospect, many Americans continue to have serious doubts about the wisdom of having entered that conflict.Independent survey studies carried out in the postwar period show that several years after the end of the war, a majority of the American public agreed that the US should have stayed out of the fighting in Vietnam. In addition, respondents perceived the war's lasting effects on the United States as almost entirely harmful (Frey-Wouters & Laufer 79). The war created serious economic problems. Until 1965, when President Lyndon B. Johnson introduced the US ground troops into the conflict, the Vietnam War had only a minor impact on the American economy.But as the war escalated, government expenditures increased dramatically. The large-scale federal spending fueled an inflationary spiral during the late 1960s. When inflation reached 6 percent in 1968, Congress passed a 10 percent income tax surcharge in hopes of slowing spending and lessening inflation, but it was too little and too late. Although the Vietnam War's most dramatic impact on American society was social and political, it did set in motion the inflationary spiral that plagued the economy throughout the 1970s and 1980s (Olson & Freeman 465).The legacy of Vietnam, like the war itself, remains a difficult and painful subject for Americans. As passions subside and time bestows greater perspective, Americans still struggle to understand Vietnam's meaning and lessons for the country. They still wonder how the United States found itself ensnared in an ambiguous, costly, and divisive war, and how it can avoid repeating such an ordeal in the future (VanDeMark 215). In opinion by many Americans who were opposed to U. S. policy in Vietnam, the American government had engaged in an illegal war in Vietnam in violation of international law and morality.In addition, the United States, in their view, had violated the United Nations Charter by its military intervention in the civil war (Frey-Wouters & Laufer 77). Moreover, many h istorians argue that American involvement in Vietnam violated international law and that the US committed crimes against humanity using napalm, gas, and defoliants, search and destroy operations, treatment of prisoners, forced relocation and pacification programs, and artillery, aerial and naval bombing (Mann 714). Those who opposed the war made the following points: 1) South Vietnam was never a separate state.A separate state or nation of ‘South Vietnam’ had never existed. A convention signed in 1946 between the French commissioner and President Ho Chi Minh recognized the Vietnam Republic as a free state. Peace was finally negotiated, and on July 21, 1954, the Geneva Conference ended with the adoption of a Final Declaration, which reconfirmed the independence of a single, united Vietnam. An agreement was reached for the temporary division of Vietnam into two zones for a two-year period (Frey-Wouters & Laufer 76). The reunification of the two zones of North and South Vi etnam, which was promised for July 1956, did not materialize (Asselin 2).2) South Vietnam was not subjected to armed attack by North Vietnam. Many opponents of the war argued that the American intervention was not justified by the right of collective self-defense. The Charter of the United Nations permits collective self-defense only in case of an armed attack, and no such armed attack existed in the case of Vietnam. From the antiwar critics' perspective, a civil war was going on in Vietnam, and the only proper course for states that were not themselves placed in the necessity of self-defense was to abstain from intervention (Frey-Wouters & Laufer 78).Conclusion The President Nixon had not won the war, or the honorable peace that he had promised. He just merely delayed the day of the communist victory, with deadly and disastrous consequences. The Vietnam War was America's longest armed conflict, a tragic crusade that cost millions of lives and ruined millions more. The war dispelled the widespread and erroneous belief that, in its foreign and military policies, the United States had always exhibited the purest of motives and actions. This, of course, had never been the case, particularly in the twentieth century.From Truman to Nixon, the decisions about Vietnam were almost always made by presidents and other political leaders seeking to preserve or enhance their domestic or international political standings. While these presidents talked of preserving democratic institutions in Southeast Asia, the massive influx of American manpower and military in the 1960s actually undermined the ideal of a free and independent South Vietnam and transformed the nation into a client of the United States. By the time the war ended, the region that America had sought to protect from communism was, instead, ruled by it.At home, the United States became, in some ways, a stronger nation because of its tragic experience in Vietnam. Organized public dissent became a widely accepted and effective way of influencing public policy. The American people and the news media exhibited a more healthy distrust of government officials and their public pronouncements. These and other positive changes, however, came at a horrible cost. In the name of fighting for freedom in Vietnam, the political and military leadership of the United States inflicted untold damage on a proud nation and its people.Thus, American involvement in Vietnam represented a total failure not just of American foreign policy but also of American statesmanship. The policymakers inflexibly pursued a path which eventually damaged the essence of American power by consuming excessive lives and resources, shook allied confidence in the US strategic judgment, and demolished liberalism's political unity and legality by polarizing and paralyzing American society. Whatever the conflicting judgments about this controversial war, Vietnam without a doubt stands as the greatest tragedy of twentieth-century U.S. for eign relations. Works Cited Asselin, Pierre. A Bitter Peace: Washington, Hanoi, and the Making of the Paris Agreement. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. Berman, David M. â€Å"Never Forget the Sacrifice: A Visit to Chu Van an High School In Hanoi, Vietnam. † Social Studies 86. 1 (1995): 12-17. Frey-Wouters, Ellen, and Robert S. Laufer. Legacy of a War: The American Soldier in Vietnam. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1986. Johns, Andrew L. â€Å"Achilles' Heel: The Vietnam War and George Romney's Bid for the Presidency, 1967 to 1968.† Michigan Historical Review 26. 1 (2000): 1-16. Mann, Robert. A Grand Delusion: America's Descent into Vietnam. New York: Basic Books, 2001. Olson, James S. , and Samuel Freeman, eds. Historical Dictionary of the 1960s. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999. VanDeMark, Brian. Into the Quagmire: Lyndon Johnson and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Helsing, Jeffrey W. Johnson's War/Jo hnson's Great Society: The Guns and Butter Trap. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2000.

Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy Example

Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy Example Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy – Case Study Example Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy (LVMH) Case The key drivers of performance in luxury goods business include brand power and heritage. Furthermore, the intense competition generates remarkable strategies that sustain the business of luxury brands and encourage key players to participate in a more competitive manner. The success recipe in this industry looks like having the vital ability to hit the button and that is to target the segment for high net-worth individuals together with aggressive expansion to potential multiple regions by offering them diversified portfolio of luxury brands, which obviously are among of the excellent moves that LVMH performs. To nurture its leadership position, LVMH adheres to the value of excellence by employing talent, audacity and thoroughness as published in its annual report (Ramaswamy 6). In other words, it is not just only about providing competitive brands and successful retailing strategy, but employing the combined management of skills and resource s as the potential reasons why LVMH nurtures its leadership position. Creativity and innovation, and partnership and acquisition on the part of LVMH clearly resulted to employing more talented human resources, acquiring abundant resources and promoting successful quality distribution of actual product offerings, which lead further to the company’s competitive advantage in its industry. LVMH businesses include wines and spirits, fashion and leather goods, fragrances and cosmetics, watches and jewelry and selective retailing. The quality of this portfolio can be characterized under the level of successfully highlighting brand power and heritage, which is an action that also has become the potential source of synergy. LVMH is having an ambitious plan to double its sales and profits in the next five years. Concerning this, one important strategy is to first undergo a more thorough customer analysis that will lead to discovering potential market segments that remain unexplored a s of today. This will most probably lead to potential increase of LVMH’s market share in the long run.Work CitedRamaswamy, Kannan. â€Å"Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy: In Search of Synergies in the Global Luxury Industry.† Thunderbird: School of Global Management (2003): 1-15. Print.

Who Popularized the term Talented Tenth

Who Popularized the term 'Talented Tenth'   How was the term Talented Tenth popularized?   Despite social inequalities and Jim Crow Era laws that became a way of life for African-Americans in the South after the Reconstruction period, a small group of African-Americans were forging ahead by establishing businesses and becoming educated. A debate began amongst African-American intellectuals concerning the best way for African-American communities to survive racism and social injustice in the United States. In 1903, sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois responded through his essay The Talented Tenth. In the essay, Du Bois argued: The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of the Worst.† With the publication of this essay, the term â€Å"Talented Tenth† became popularized. It was not Du Bois who first developed the term. The concept of the Talented Tenth was developed by the American Baptist Home Mission Society in 1896.   The American Baptist Home Mission Society was an organization comprised of Northern white philanthropists such as John D. Rockefeller. The purpose of the group was to help establish African-American colleges in the South to train educators and other professionals. Booker T. Washington also referred to the term â€Å"Talented Tenth† in 1903. Washington edited The Negro Problem, a collection of essays written by other African-American leaders in support of Washington’s position. Washington wrote: The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of the Worst, in their own and other races. Yet Du Bois defined the term, â€Å"Talented Tenth† to argue that one out of 10 African-American men could become leaders in the United States and the world if they pursued education, published books and advocated for social change in society. Du Bois believed that African-Americans really needed to pursue a traditional education versus the industrial education that Washington consistently promoted. Du Bois argued in his essay: â€Å"Men we shall have only as we make manhood the object of the work of the schools - intelligence, broad sympathy, knowledge of the world that was and is, and of the relation of men to it - this is the curriculum of that Higher Education which must underlie true life. On this foundation we may build bread winning, skill of hand and quickness of brain, with never a fear lest the child and man mistake the means of living for the object of life.† Who were examples of the Talented Tenth? Perhaps two of the greatest examples of the Talented Tenth were Du Bois and Washington. However, there were other examples: The National Business League, established by Washington brought together African-American businessowners across the United States. The American Negro Academy, the first organization in the United States with the purpose of promoting African-American scholarship. Founded in 1897, the use of The American Negro Academy to promote the academic achievements of African-Americans in areas such as higher education, arts, and science.The National Association of Colored Women (NACW). Established in 1986 by educated African-American women, the purpose of the NACW was to fight sexism, racism, and social injustice.The Niagara Movement. Developed by Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter in 1905, the Niagara Movement led the way for the NAACP to be established.

Business process management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business process management - Essay Example These recommendations were fully accepted by the Trust Board and the Department of Health. There were shortcomings in different aspects in the Trust that are explained below. Failures in Operations management The hospitals lacked well established protocols and pathways for the management of patients admitted in A&E (Accident and emergency) as expressed by (Francis 2010a). This department was understaffed and lacked proper equipment such as defibrillators for resuscitation trolleys. This left very few nurses to conduct urgent assessment of patients and receptionists who had no medical training were forced to take up this job. Nurses in the A&E did not have enough training and the hospital had weak leadership. The number of consultants to provide daily on call cover was insufficient and there were only few middle level doctors. The middle level doctors and junior medical practitioners were not adequately supervised. They were frequently under pressure to make prompt decisions in order to meet the set target of attending all patients in four hours and go through the A&E. This had resulted to a situation whereby patients are taken to the EAU (Emergency Assessment Unit) without necessary diagnosis and assessment. The situation of the EAU was not any different from that of the A&E. The EAU was outsized and had a poor layout and this made it difficult for nurses to tend to patients. This was aggravated by poor communication between patients and the medical staff as well as inadequate staff (Francis 2010b). The situation in this department can be simply described as hectic and chaotic. There was poor compliance with the accepted standards of practice in infection control. There was poor handover from the A&E to the EAU. This notwithstanding the care for patients from heart related conditions was reported to be excellent. The management had failed to attend to serious issues and monitor performance in the hospital. This had led to poor treatment of patients in the emerg ency department. There is poor recording and documentation of the patients’ activity and outcomes and the hospital does not have any reliable historical account of their past patients. The medical team generally lacked proper training to handle different complications. Most of the doctors and nurses admitted that the staff in the EAU lacked the skills to take care of surgical patients (Francis 2010b). There were poor procedures in surgery and the surgeons did not work as a team. Measurements to be taken by the hospital and stake holders There have been improvements on various areas in the trust after the shocking revelation by the investigation (Care Quality Commission 2009). The hospital has hired a greater number of qualified staff to improve the quality of care in the hospital. Training programmes have been set up for different staff to ensure their competence in handling equipment such as monitors and equip them with skills to handle patients. The trust deserves recogniti on for the measures it has undertaken to improve the quality of care in the hospital. There has been increased funding to the trust to hire more staff, purchase equipment and the necessary medication. The regulatory bodies have increased the number of inspections in the hospital to ensure strict adherence to quality standards. Stakeholder groups The DHS (Department of Health Services) works in collaboration with a wide range of stakeholders including community sector, government, voluntary sector, regional

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 13

Report - Essay Example Outlets vary in size and complexity with some providing hot meals while others only provide cold provisions. An atmosphere conducive to purchasing is required, allowing time to browse and a quick checkout service. A full range of appropriate foodstuffs needs to be available to cater for all tastes and cultural requirements. There are usually peaks and troughs in customers, with most requiring service at lunchtimes and morning/afternoon breaks. At these times, there needs to be a smooth service for customers allowing fast purchase of the desired items without having to queue for extended periods. There are many ways to show a service and its supporting elements. This report uses the service blueprint (Shostak, 1984). Although the service appears simple, there are several things going on at once, which are more easily seen in a service blueprint. The following blueprint is based on the distinctions described by Bitner et al (2008). This part of customer service operations falls within the tangibles area of the dimensions of service quality and both the physical evidence and backstage activities of the service blueprint. For Sodexo, it includes the layout of the outlet, the placement of things like the drinks machines, chillers and cold cabinets, and the overall look of the outlet. Customers expect a food outlet to be clean and comply with relevant health and safety legislation to ensure that they do not suffer from such things as food poisoning (Tester et al, 2010). In addition, any food spills should be cleaned up immediately to ensure no-one slips over. General hygiene is also a tangible aspect of service quality, even though it is not a physical item. The Sodexo staff do try to keep the catering area clean, but there are occasions when food spills are not cleared up as quickly as they could be, and this could affect consumer confidence when purchasing items for consumption. The delay in cleaning up spillage can be caused by too few staff being